Agriculture
USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS). 2007. Agricultural Productivity in the United States.
This data provides estimates of agricultural productivity growth in the US for 1948-2004, and estimates of productivity growth and relative productivity levels across States for 1960-1999.
Website
Animal
Fernandez-Cornejo, J., Wechsler, S., Livingston, M. and Mitchell, L. 2014. Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States. USDA Economic Research Service Report No. 162, February 2014. PDF
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST). 2008. Vaccine Development Using Recombinant DNA Technology. CAST Issue Paper, Number 38, May 2008. PDF
Exploring the Moral and Ethical Aspects of Genetically Engineered and Cloned Animals. Proceedings from Multi-Stakeholder Workshop sponsored by the Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology, January 24-26, 2005, Rockville, MD.
Biofuel
UN-Energy. 2007. Sustainable Energy: A Framework for Decision Makers. Prepared by UN-Energy, a group of all UN agencies programmes and organizations working in the area of energy. Sonsored by the Rome-based UN Food and Agriculture Organization. PDF
Coyle, W. 2007. The Future of Biofuels: A Global Perspective. Amber Waves, November 2007. PDF
Coexistence
Mackelprang, B. and Lemaux, P.G. 2020. Genetic Engineering and Editing of Plants: An Analysis of New and Persisting Questions). Annual Review of Plant Biology 71: 659-87. Link
Grapes, Wine, and the Application of Biotechnology Issues, Opportunities and Challenges Workshop, July 9-10, 2006, San Francisco, CA. The Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology. PDF
Peaceful Coexistence Among Growers Of: Genetically Engineered, Conventional and Organic Crops. Summary of a Multi-Stakeholder Workshop, March 1-2, 2006, Boulder, CO. The Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology.
Developing Countries
Economics
Fernandez-Cornejo, J. 2006. Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops in the U.S. USDA Economic Research Service Data Sets. Link
Fernandez-Cornejo, J. and Caswell, M. 2006. The First Decade of Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States. USDA Economic Research Service, Economic Information Bulletin No. (EIB-11). PDF
James, C. 2010. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2010. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA), Publication No. 42. Press release | ISAAA website to order report
Benbrook, C.M. 2005. Harvest at Risk — Impacts of Roundup Ready Wheat in the Northern Great Plains. Western Organization of Resource Councils (WORC), September 2005. Press release | PDF of report
U.S. vs. EU: An Examination of the Trade Issues Surrounding Genetically Modified Food. Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology Issue Brief, December 2005. PDF
Rubenstein, K.D., Heisey, P., Shoemaker R., Sullivan, J. and Frisvold, G. 2005. Crop Genetic Resources: An Economic Appraisal. USDA ERS Economic Information Bulletin No. 2 (EIB2) 47 pp, May 2005. PDF
Environment
Foster, C., Green, K., Belda, M., Dewick, P., Evans, B., Flynn, A. and Mylan, J. 2006. Environmental Impacts of Food Production and Consumption: A report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Manchester Business School. Defra, London. PDF
Sankula, S. A 2006. Update of Impacts on US Agriculture of Biotechnology-Derived Crops Planted in 2005. National Center For Food and Agricultural Policy (NCFAP). PDF
Gilliom, R.J., Barbash, J.E., Crawford, C.G., Hamilton, P.A., Martin, J.D., Nakagaki, N., Nowell, L.H., Scott, J.C., Stackelberg, P.E., Thelin, G.P. and Wolock, D.M. 2006. Pesticides in the Nation’s Streams and Ground Water, 1992–2001. US Geological Service Circular 1291. PDF
World Wildlife Fund Switzerland. 2005. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): A Danger to Sustainable Agriculture. PDF
Kershen, D. and McHughen, A. 2005. Adventitious Presence. CAST Commentary, QTA2005-1, July 2005. PDF
European Union
National Centre for Social Research (NatCen). 2009. Exploring attitudes to GM food. Social Science Research Unit, Food Standards Agency, November 2009. Link to Executive Summary (PDF)
van Beuzekom, B. and Arundel, A. 2006. OECD Biotechnology Statistics – 2006. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report. PDF
Food and Safety
Delaney, B., Astwood, Cunny, H., Conn, R.E., Herouet-Guicheney, C., MacIntosh, S., Meyer, L.S., Privalle, L., Gao, Y., Mattsson, J., Levine, M. and ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Task Force on Protein Safety. 2008. Evaluation of protein safety in the context of agricultural biotechnology. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46: S71-S97. Link to abstract
USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS). 2007. Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System.
US food availability data are available through 2005 at the national level. Also included are data on nutrient availability in food and data on loss-adjusted food availability. Website
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. 2006. Safety of Meat, Milk, and Eggs from Animals Fed Crops Derived from Modern Biotechnology. Issue Paper Number 34. Link to view press release and order PDF
Food Safety Department, World Health Organization. 2005. Modern Food Biotechnology, Human Health and Development. Press release | PDF
Future
USDA Advisory Committee on Biotechnology and 21st Century Agriculture (AC21). 2006. Opportunities and Challenges in Agricultural Biotechnology: The Decade Ahead. PDF
General Review
Newell-McGloughlin, M., Chassy, B. and Conko, G. 2014. Food and You: A Guide to Modern Agricultural Biotechnology. American Council on Science and Health report. PDF
Organic
Organizational Statements
Australian Academy of Science. 2007. Statement on gene technology and GM plants. December 6, 2007. Link
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations’ Statement on Biotechnology. Link
American Dietetic Association. 2006. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Agricultural and Food Biotechnology. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 106: 285-293. PDF
American Medical Association Statement on Genetically Modified Crops and Foods, December 2000. Link
American Society of Plant Biologists’ Statement on Genetic Modification of Plants Using Biotechnology Link
California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF): The Dangers of Genetically Engineered Crops, October 14, 2004. Link
The Importance of Evidence-Based Risk Assessments with GM Crops (statement by AgBioWorld, contains statements by several organizations). August 10, 2004. Link
Public Opinion
Regulation
Regulatory issues related to genetically engineered crops have been addressed to varying levels in countries around the world. GAIN (Global Agricultural Information Network) reports, developed by the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service released reports by country covering:
View reports on our Regulation page.
Updated 10/20/20